Urolology (Greek uron urine + logos teaching) is a field of clinical medicine that studies the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of diseases of the urinary system (in men - in the reproductive system) and develops methods for their diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The following sections of urology are distinguished: oncourology (studies the features of tumors of the genitourinary system); urogynecology (deals with the study of diseases of the urinary system with pathological changes in the female genital organs); phthisiourology (investigates the problems of tuberculosis of the urinary system and male genital organs); pediatric urology (studies the features of urological diseases in childhood, requiring surgical intervention); operative nephrology (deals mainly with the problems of treatment of acute and chronic renal failure by hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, hemofiltration and kidney transplantation, as well as issues of surgical treatment of nephrogenic arterial hypertension).